Astronomy, Introductions (Undergraduate)

•  Astronomy 102: Black holes, time warps, and the large-scale structure of the Universe
  (26 pdf lectures)
  Dan Watson, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester (USA)
   
•  Astronomy 111: Elementary Astronomy: Origins of the Solar System and Beyond
  (23 pdf lectures)
  Alice Quillen, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester (USA)
   
•  Astronomy 161: The Solar System
  (124 html pages)
  Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee (USA)
   
•  Astronomy 161: Introduction to Solar System Astronomy
  (Spring 2005)(21 html lecture notes)
  David Weinberg, Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University (USA)
   
•  Astronomy 161: Introduction to Solar System Astronomy
  (Autumn 2007)(46 html lecture notes)
  Richard Pogge, Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University (USA)
   
•  Astronomy 162: Stars, Galaxies, and Cosmology
  (158 html pages)
  Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee (USA)
   
•  Astronomy 162: Introduction to Stars, Galaxies & the Universe
  (Winter 2006)(44 html lecture notes)
  Richard Pogge, Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University (USA)

Astronomy, Instrumentation

•  Astronomy 203/403: Astronomical Instruments and Techniques
  (28 pdf lectures).
  Dan Watson, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester (USA)

Hereunder is the Table of Contents with links to the lectures (each lecture is a  pdf file).

• Introduction
  • Lecture 1: Observational astronomy
• Geometrical optics
  • Lecture 2: Rays, paraxial rays, thin mirrors and lenses
  • Lecture 3: Conic section mirros
  • Lecture 4: Introduction to analytical ray tracing
  • Lecture 5: Ray-surface intersections and ray propagation
  • Lecture 6: Computerized ray tracing
  • Lecture 7: On-axis geometrical aberrations
  • Lecture 8: Off-axis geometrical aberrations
  • Lecture 9: Telescopes
  • Lecture 10: Aberration compensation for spherical primaries: the Schmidt camera
  • Lecture 11: Cameras
• Physical optics
  • Lecture 12: The scalar theory of diffraction
  • Lecture 13: The diffraction-limited telescope
  • Lecture 14: Gaussian beam propagation
  • Lecture 15: Diffraction-limited telescopes
  • Lecture 16: Radio interferometers
  • Lecture 17: Seeing, and its suppression
• Detectors & noise
  • Lecture 18: Photodetectors
  • Lecture 19: Shot noise
  • Lecture 20: Johnson noise
  • Lecture 21: Incoherent detection with photodetectors
  • Lecture 22: Coherent detection with photodetectors
  • Lecture 23: Background fluctuations and quantum noise
• Instruments for photometry & spectroscopy
  • Lecture 24: Broadband filters and photometry
  • Lecture 25: Interference filters
  • Lecture 26: Fabry-Perot interferometers
  • Lecture 27: Diffraction gratings
  • Lecture 28: Spectrometers

For other online courses at academic undergraduate and graduate levels from the Department of Physics and Astronomy of the University of Rochester (NY, USA), also see:
 spider.pas.rochester.edu/mainFrame/education/courseListAstronomy.html

Positional Astronomy

•  Positional Astronomy (wayback machine link)
  (21 html lectures)
  Fiona Vincent, University of St. Andrews (Scotland)

Classical and Celestial Mechanics

•  Galileo and Einstein
  (27 html/pdf chapters)
  Michael Fowler, University of Virginia
   
•  Structure and Interpretation of Classical Mechanics
  (78 html pages)
  Gerald Jay Sussman & Jack Wisdom (2001), MIT Press
   
•  Classical Mechanics
  (pdf, 131 pages)
  Haret C. Rosu
   
•  Classical Mechanics Course Notes
  (106 jpegs of handwritten pages)
  Marco Horbatsch, York University (Canada)
   
•  The Foundations of Celestial Mechanics
  (9 pdf chapters)
  George W. Collins II, Case Western Reserve University
   
•  Celestial Mechanics
  (18 pdf chapters)
  J. B. Tatum, University of Victoria (Canada)

Textbooks

• [Goldstein] Herbert Goldstein, Charles P. Poole, John L. Safko. Classical Mechanics.
   
• [Lifshitz] E.M. Lifshitz, L.D. Landau. Course of Theoretical Physics: Mechanics.
   
• [Arnold] V.I. Arnold, V.V. Kozlov, A.I. Neishtadt. Mathematical Aspects of Classical & Celestial Mechanics.
   
• [Boccaletti] D. Boccaletti, G. Pucacco. Theory of Orbits (Vol 1: Integrable Systems and Non-perturbative Methods)

Space Flight

•  Basics of Space Flight
  (18 html chapters)
  NASA - Jet Propulsion Laboratory

Physics

•  Project PHYSNET Modules
  (314 pdf lectures)
  Various authors from various universities
  A set of lecture modules on topics from physics and mathematics (calculus, vector/matrix algebra & calculus, mechanics, electricity & magnetism, waves, optics, thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, quantumphysics, relativity).